- 研究生:蔡佳青
- 論文名稱:八面玲瓏:台灣蘋果日報政治立場之初探
- 指導教授:王雅各
- 關鍵字:蘋果日報 ; 政治立場 ; 議題設定 ; 內容分析 ; 小報
-
[摘要]
台灣蘋果日報普遍被認為是羶腥小報,硬性新聞不受重視。即使蘋果日報成功擠身四大報之列,仍難以改變社會大眾的刻板印象。本研究以蘋果日報的政治新聞為對象,探討蘋果日報在台崛起的現象。台灣為高度泛政治化的社會,朝野對立嚴重。主流媒體皆以意識形態掛帥,並設定藍綠政黨新聞為主要的政治議題。另外,台灣大小報界線模糊的情況,也給予小報進入市場的空間。蘋果日報在台創刊之初,原本並無政治版的設置,表示媒體無心經營政治新聞的領域。但在台灣市場與媒體環境的影響下,創刊一個月後不但成立了政治版,並且出現政治專版與特刊的變化,政治新聞的版面被大幅擴張。
本研究使用守門人理論、議題設定、使用與滿足等三個理論,分別從文本產製、文本解讀與閱聽人分析等三個層面,探討蘋果日報與台灣社會互動的現象。本研究選取蘋果日報政治版為樣本,以窮盡原則分析創刊兩年內所有的政治版新聞。研究方法採用內容分析法的質化和量化兩種方式,比較蘋果日報與三大報的相同及相異之處。研究發現蘋果日報的政治版不僅重要,也是蘋果日報得以打入主流市場的手段之一。蘋果日報和三大報一樣以藍綠議題為主,卻用不同的策略強調市場差異。蘋果日報使用時而挺藍時而偏綠的報導立場,達到媒體「政治中立」的訴求,並且以「逆向操作」的方式和「小報風格」的新聞特色做市場區隔。在量化部分,藍綠議題的新聞比例高達七成,代表媒體和社會對於政黨政治的狂熱。而藍營的新聞量較多,綠營的報導立場較正面。蘋果日報運用兩邊討好的手法,擴大市場佔有率。
蘋果日報政治版的演變過程,代表著外來媒體在台灣社會化的現象。台灣媒體信奉基本教義,以統獨立場作為意識形態的劃分,並且設定聳動訴求為新聞議題,顯示傳播文化在新聞價值的偏差。然而台灣社會何以接受媒體過度泛政治化的現象,原因在於社會的監督力量不足。蘋果日報的興起,打破傳統新聞學的觀念與價值。媒體完全以市場為導向的做法,降低政治力量的干預程度。蘋果日報高度重視民意/市場的結果,創造小報開啟市民社會的可能。
-
[ 英文摘要 ]
Taiwan Apple’s Daily has been regarded by many people as a tabloid. On often heard that readers do not pay any attention to its political news (if there any!) to the point that upon buying the paper, they immediately throw away the politics. And yet social phenomena always tend to have their subtle parts. In this research, I adopt content analysis to examine whether the conventional wisdom has its wits. A comparison with the contents, rhetoric’s, and presentational styles with the “big three “newspapers (i.e., United Daily News, The China Times, and the Liberty Times) leads me to conclude that Taiwan Apple’ Daily may not be so different. The Apple’s Daily is actually using many effective strategies to promote its sales. These strategies include abide by the ideological divide of Taiwan (i.e., The United Daily and The China Taiwan of “blue” and The Liberty Times of “green”); giving various “balances” to both sides, going the opposite direction, and to pleas the most people. Essentially, the story of Taiwan Apple’s Daily’s success-it has eventually emerged as the fourth largest (some even say it is the biggest newspaper in Taiwan. This study explains the background, process, and factors contribute to the transplant of a (formerly British) colonial newspaper to a democratic socialization to be ill corporate into a foreign land. We also find, through this research, that Taiwan is a highly politicized society and that it is very difficult to distinguish quality papers and tabloid in Taiwan.