• 研究生：謝明芬
• 論文名稱：不同居住模式對中高齡人口健康狀況及生活滿意度之影響
• 指導教授：楊文山
• 關鍵字：中高齡人口、老年人、居住模式、自評健康、快樂程度、生活滿意度

• 論文中文摘要

本研究旨在探討台灣地區中高齡人口居住模式與其健康狀況及生活滿意度之間的關聯性。研究資料來源為「台灣社會變遷基本調查計畫2021年第八期第二次：家庭組」調查資料，針對55歲以上樣本進行分析，採用多元線性迴歸模型，依序建構三個模型來檢視居住模式與控制變項（性別、年齡、教育程度、所得收入、居住地區、宗教信仰）及家庭議題態度（認同三代同堂、照顧責任歸屬）對依變項生理健康(自評健康狀況)、心理健康(生活快樂程度)及生活滿意度之影響。
研究結果顯示，獨居對中高齡人口三項依變項皆呈現穩定且顯著的負向相關，顯示社會支持與陪伴對中高齡人口的健康及生活滿意度具關鍵影響；再者，所得收入亦與中高齡人口自評健康與生活快樂程度呈顯著正向關聯，可見經濟資源對維持生活品質之重要性。家庭議題態度方面，認同三代同堂與認為家庭應負照顧老年人之責任者，其生活快樂程度與滿意度皆相對較高，反映家庭支持功能與情感歸屬感對中高齡者福祉的影響。年齡層分析顯示，65歲至84歲老年人的生活快樂程度與滿意度普遍高於55歲至64歲者，85歲以上高齡人口在健康狀況上呈現下降趨勢。另居住於農村地區之中高齡人口，其生活快樂程度與滿意度普遍偏低，推論可能與資源缺乏與社會孤立有關。
綜上所述，本研究建議未來政策應重視獨居與農村地區中高齡人口的照顧資源配置，強化經濟支持、社區陪伴服務及醫療資源之提供，並透過制度誘因促進家庭功能與代間支持，以提升整體中高齡人口之健康與生活滿意度。

• 論文英文摘要

This study aims to examine the relationship between residential patterns, health status, and life satisfaction among middle-aged and older adults in Taiwan. The data were drawn from the Taiwan Social Change Survey 2021, Round 8, Wave 2: Family Module, and analyses were conducted on respondents aged 55 and above. A series of multiple linear regression models were employed to assess the effects of residential arrangements, along with control variables (gender, age, education level, income, residential area, and religious affiliation) and family-related attitudes (perceptions of intergenerational co-residence and caregiving responsibility), on three dependent variables: physical health (self-rated health), psychological well-being (happiness), and life satisfaction.
The results indicate that living alone has a consistently significant negative association with all three outcomes, highlighting the crucial role of social support and companionship for the well-being of middle-aged and older adults. In addition, higher income is positively associated with self-rated health and happiness, underscoring the importance of economic resources in maintaining quality of life. Regarding family attitudes, those who endorse intergenerational co-residence and agree that families should bear responsibility for elder care report higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction, reflecting the positive influence of family support and emotional belonging. Age group analysis reveals that adults aged 65–84 report higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction compared to those aged 55–64, while adults aged 85 and above exhibit a decline in health status. Furthermore, individuals residing in rural areas show lower levels of happiness and life satisfaction, which may be attributed to limited resources and greater social isolation.
In conclusion, this study suggests that future policies should prioritize the allocation of care resources for older adults living alone and those residing in rural areas, strengthen economic support, community-based companionship services, and healthcare provision, and promote family functioning and intergenerational support through institutional incentives to enhance the overall health and life satisfaction of the middle-aged and older population.