本研究旨在釐清臺灣民眾對死刑支持度與其決定因素，以2019年「世界價值觀調查」為資料，進量化分析研究。結果顯示，死刑支持度（1–10分）平均為6.99分，顯示整體傾向支持死刑。多元迴歸分析結果顯示，性別、年齡、教育程度、收入、外在治安與受害經驗等變項對於死刑支持度並無顯著影響；宗教信仰中以佛教信徒顯著低於無宗教信仰者，但在控制其他價值觀念、政府信任度及政治疏離感後，則佛教信仰的影響力被後者取代；內在價值方面，人道意識並不顯著，打擊犯罪意識對於死刑支持度有顯著的正向影響力；政府信任度方面，整體政府信任度、法院信任度愈高，死刑支持度顯著降低；警方信任度愈高，支持度顯著提高；最後，相較於「不同意政治人物不在乎民眾」者，「非常同意政治人物不在乎民眾」者顯著更支持死刑。綜合以上分析結果，對政府信任度的失望與對政治人物的疏離感共同推升了死刑支持度，符合刑罰民粹主義的論述。這像是一種「國家如果沒辦法給我正義，那我只好靠最強硬的手段來維持秩序」的選擇，本研究結果提出一個明確訊號：如果政府希望未來逐步討論廢除死刑，光靠理性說服不夠，必須要先重建司法信任與國家治理的基本正當性。

This study aims to clarify the level of public support for the death penalty in Taiwan and its determining factors, using data from the 2019 World Values Survey for quantitative analysis. The results show that the average level of support for the death penalty (on a 1–10 scale) is 6.99, indicating an overall tendency to support it. Multiple regression analysis reveals that variables such as gender, age, education level, income, perceptions of external security, and victimization experience have no significant impact on death penalty support. Among religious affiliations, Buddhists are significantly less supportive than those with no religious belief; however, after controlling for other value orientations, trust in government, and political alienation, the effect of Buddhist affiliation is replaced by the latter factors. In terms of internal values, humanitarian awareness is not significant, whereas a strong belief in combating crime has a significant positive effect on support for the death penalty. Regarding trust in government, higher levels of overall trust in government and in the courts are associated with significantly lower support for the death penalty, while higher trust in the police is associated with significantly greater support. Finally, compared to those who disagree that politicians do not care about the public, those who strongly agree are significantly more supportive of the death penalty. Taken together, the findings suggest that disappointment in government trustworthiness and political alienation jointly contribute to higher support for the death penalty, consistent with the logic of penal populism. This reflects a mindset of: “If the state cannot deliver justice, then I have no choice but to rely on the harshest measures to maintain order.” The study sends a clear message: if the government intends to gradually initiate discussions on abolishing the death penalty, rational persuasion alone will not suffice—rebuilding trust in the judiciary and the fundamental legitimacy of governance must come first.