本研究目的為瞭解臺灣及中國留學生在日本文化適應歷程中所遭遇的困境和衝擊，以及他們應對這些挑戰的策略。研究方法採用了質性研究中的個案研究法，邀請8位臺灣及4位中國留學生參與深度訪談和實地觀察。在文獻回顧中，焦點不僅限於留學生，擴展至短暫旅居者的身份，探討在不同文化環境中所面臨的文化遭遇、文化衝擊、文化適應等現象。資料的蒐集與分析結合半結構式訪談和田野調查方法，以對話方式瞭解受訪者在跨文化環境中的適應歷程、適應類型和因應策略。
研究結果顯示，留學生在面對異文化的語言和社會互動時，往往感到不習慣，引起心理困擾，進而呈現出文化衝擊的困難。此外，文化衝擊與文化特性緊密相關，研究特別聚焦於文化普遍性、文化規範性、文化多元性和文化階序性等四個關鍵文化特性，有助於理解留學生感受到的文化衝擊及其適應策略。最終，研究歸納出留學生對文化衝擊的三種反應，包括文化拒絕、文化困惑和文化渴望，並進一步延伸為拒絕接受型、壓抑配合型和熱情擁抱型的因應策略。拒絕接受型的留學生難以適應目標國家文化，受自身文化執著所驅使，表現為抗拒的態度。壓抑配合型的留學生則壓抑原有文化，迎合目標國價值觀，帶來緊張和不適感。熱情擁抱型的留學生積極融入目標國文化，展現開放態度。這些反應受個人特質、經驗和目標國文化等多方面影響，每種文化適應的類型都反映了留學生對於跨文化環境的不同回應。

The purpose of this study is to understand the challenges and impacts faced by Taiwanese and Chinese international students during their adaptation to Japanese culture, along with the strategies they employ to cope with these challenges. The research methodology involves a qualitative approach, specifically utilizing a case study design. Eight Taiwanese and four Chinese international students were invited to participate in in-depth interviews and field observations.
The literature review extends beyond the scope of international students to include individuals with temporary residency, exploring cultural encounters, cultural shocks, and cultural adaptation in diverse cultural environments. Data collection and analysis integrate semi-structured interviews and field investigations, employing a dialogic approach to comprehend participants' adaptation processes, adaptation types, and coping strategies within cross-cultural environments.
The findings reveal that international students often experience discomfort and psychological distress when encountering linguistic and social interactions in a foreign culture, resulting in the manifestation of cultural shock difficulties. Additionally, the study focuses on four key cultural characteristics: cultural generality, cultural normative, cultural diversity, and hierarchical characteristic. These characteristics contribute to understanding the cultural shocks experienced by international students and their adaptation strategies.
Ultimately, the research categorizes three types of responses to cultural shock among international students: cultural rejection, cultural confusion, and cultural eagerness. From this, rejection-acceptance type, suppression-cooperation type, and enthusiastic-embrace type can be derived, which represent various adaptation strategies influenced by personal traits, experiences, and the culture of the host country.
The refusal-to-accept type of international students find it challenging to adapt to the culture of the host country, driven by their strong attachment to their own culture, manifested as a resistant attitude. The suppress-and-comply type of international students, on the other hand, suppress their original culture to conform to the values of the host country, leading to tension and discomfort. The enthusiastic-embrace type of international students actively integrate into the culture of the host country, demonstrating an open-minded attitude. Each type of cultural adaptation reflects the diverse responses of international students to cross-cultural environments.