面對高齡化社會，成年子女與父母相處時間更長，奉養責任更重，故晚年期親子關係愈為重要，不僅影響家庭福祉，也影響著家庭能否發揮照護老年父母的功能，故本研究針對親子代間關係中的矛盾現象及相關因素進行探討，旨在瞭解成年子女的孝道信念及性別意識對於代間矛盾的影響。其中孝道信念援引雙元孝道中相互性孝道與權威性孝道之概念；性別意識為對於性別角色態度的平權意識；代間矛盾為親子關係中正負向兼具的矛盾情感。

本研究以臺灣社會變遷基本調查2021年第八期第二次的家庭組訪問資料為來源，選取父母其中一方仍健在的成人子女為樣本，以描述性統計及線性迴歸進行量化資料分析，研究結果顯示：
一、成年子女的「相互性孝道信念」對於「代間矛盾」有顯著影響，「權威性孝道信念」則為無顯著。孝道信念的影響力逐漸逐漸由權威性孝道走向相互性孝道，相互性孝道基於互惠原則及感念父母付出而回報，孝道責任感越重，自我要求也就越高，且在親子互動頻繁下，衝突機會也愈多，愈容易產生代間矛盾。
二、「性別意識」對於「代間矛盾」的影響存在性別差異。女性子代的「性別意識」對「代間矛盾」有顯著影響，男性部分則無顯著。雖然成年子女性別平權觀念大幅提升，但家務分工上的照顧責任仍以女性為主，易導致女性之代間矛盾。

In an aging society, there is increased time for adult children to get along with their parents and take on increased caring responsibility for their parents. Therefore, the late parent-child relationship becomes more important, which not only affects the well-being of the family, but also influences the family's function of caring for elderly parents. This study aims to explore intergenerational ambivalence and related factors, with a focus on understanding how filial belief and gender consciousness of adult children influence intergenerational ambivalence. Among this study，the belief in filial piety refers to the concepts of the dual filial piety model, which includes reciprocal filial piety and authoritarian filial piety. Gender consciousness refers to the awareness of gender role attitudes and gender equality. Intergenerational ambivalence refers to the both positive and negative emotions that exist in the

The data for this study is based on the survey of Taiwan Social Change Survey in 2021. The sample consists of adult children with one living parent. The quantitative data analysis was conducted by using descriptive statistics and linear regression. The research findings are as follows:
1."Reciprocal filial piety belief" of adult children significantly influences "intergenerational ambivalence," while "authoritative filial piety belief" does not. The influence of filial belief gradually shifts from authoritative filial piety to reciprocal filial piety. Reciprocal filial piety is based on the principle of reciprocity and gratitude towards parents for their contributions. For adult children, the greater the sense of filial responsibility, the higher the self-demand; the more frequent parent-child interaction, the greater the chance of conflict, and the more likely it leads to intergenerational ambivalence.
2.The influence of "gender consciousness" on "intergenerational ambivalence" is gender-specific. The gender consciousness of female offspring has a significant impact on intergenerational ambivalence, while the gender consciousness of male offspring is not significant. Although the concept of gender equality has been much improved, most of caring responsibilities in household chores still fall on women, which is more likely to lead to intergenerational ambivalence on women.