- 研究生：許淑慧
- 論文名稱：女性的家庭經驗與跨代互動關係之比較
- 指導教授：馬國勳
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關鍵字：代間關係、性別角色、母職、代間傳遞、傳承
- 論文中文摘要
本研究涵蓋了以下六個面向：「家務分工」、「家庭互動/情感關係」、「性別角色/夫妻決策/權利關係」、「教育選擇/投資」、「職業/生涯選擇」與「情感的選擇/婚姻方面的決策」進行探討。
研究發現，在「家務分工」面向，上一代家庭保有傳統社會性別角色規範型式。女性在家中既有的習規是需肩負更多的照顧責任及家庭事務工作。而下一代家庭在此一面向則秉持公平與分工合作的態度。「家庭互動/情感關係」中則呈現：兩代家庭中皆保有傳統女性在家庭中母職角色與家庭規範。不一樣的是第二代的家庭中，父親參與子女照顧以及親子互動頻率方面較上一代增加許多。「性別角色/夫妻決策/權利關係」議題中顯示：第二代家庭夫妻之間性別角色與決策權利趨向性別平等；與第一代家庭中父親擔任家中主要的決策者不同。訪談中也發現到：不論是受訪者的上一代或者是受訪者對下一代，在子女的「教育選擇/投資」都是無條件支持、鼓勵及投入資源。「職業/生涯選擇」方面，第二代母親對子女較上一代母親採多元、開放及彈性的態度，且對於子女的職業或生涯討論參與程度較高。關於「情感的選擇/婚姻方面的決策」隨著世代社會風氣轉變，第二代家庭相較於上一代母親家庭，對於子女擇偶與婚配的態度及觀點富有多元且綜融的特性。此外，在女性家庭經驗與跨代的互動關係裏，同時也發現上一代母親、受訪者個人、受訪者子女及社會環境等面向因素上，會突顯出個人個別化的特性以及因文化環境所產生的調節與影響。
- 論文英文摘要
This study examines women’s family experiences and compares intergenerational interaction. Interviewees reflected on the idea of family, upbringing, and the family interaction experience of their mothers who belonged to the previous generation; their own current family interaction; and the caring and upbringing of children from the next generation. What characteristics are inherited through family interaction experience and upbringing across generations? What norms and ideas are carried over and preserved in intergenerational inheritance and which ones are not?
There are six aspects of the research questions: division of housework, family interaction/emotional relationship, gender role/spouse decision-making/power dynamics, educational choice/investment, occupation/career choice, and emotional choice/marital decision.
The study found that with regard to “division of housework,” families from the previous generation retained traditional patterns of gender roles. The established norms for women at home were that they needed to shoulder more caring responsibilities and domestic chores. Families from the next generation tended to be more fair and collaborative in this aspect. In the “family interaction/emotional relationship” aspect, families from both generations upheld the tradition of women taking up the motherhood role and following familial norms. However, the difference was that in families from the second generation, the father’s participation in child care and frequency of parent–child interaction were much higher than in the previous generation. Regarding “gender role/spouse decision-making/power dynamics,” gender roles and decision-making dynamics between spouses in families from the second generation tended to be more gender-equal, in a shift from the first generation, where the father assumed the role of the main decision-maker in the family. The study also showed that for both the previous and next generations of interviewees, with regard to “educational choice/investment” in children, families showed unconditional support, encouragement, and investment in their children. As regards “occupation/career choice,” second-generation mothers held a more open, encompassing, and flexible attitude, compared to mothers from the previous generation. They also actively participated in discussions concerning their children’s occupations and careers. As for the “emotional choice/marital decision” aspect, with the changing social atmosphere, second-generation families had diverse attitudes and thoughts concerning their children’s marriage and spouse selection.
Furthermore, in the female family experience and intergenerational interaction, the study also found that factors such as mothers from the previous generation, interviewees, their children, and the social environment would highlight individual personalities and the influence of the cultural environment.
