- 研究生：王麗茜
- 論文名稱：臺灣地區民眾宗教性、家庭態度與個人心理衛生相關性初探
- 指導教授：張清富
- 關鍵字：宗教性、家庭態度、個人心理衛生
- 論文中文摘要
本研究利用1984年「臺灣社會變遷基本調查」第一期第一次：宗教、休閒、家庭組資料進行分析，探討宗教性（religious）和家庭態度（family attitude）對臺灣地區民眾個人心理衛生（mental health）的影響，並比較這兩種變項間的差異情形。
在控制個人背景變項之後，迴歸分析發現性別、活動參與頻率、傳統信仰強度、家族概念、家庭權力和家庭管教等經驗可作為個人心理衛生的預測變項，其中，家庭態度變項最能解釋預測個人心理衛生狀態。女性參與宗教性活動頻率與強度高於男性。女性較男性而言，對自己較沒自信，傾向外在影響大於個人自主性，碰到人際交往及自我價值議題時，相較於男性，較易產生存疑心態。男性自我控制力較弱，明知自己不喜歡，卻易失控為之。女性在角色身分上所承受的社會期待比男性多，也會隨年齡的增長、自己教育年數越長、宗教活動參與頻率少及傳統信仰強度低、家庭權力越自主而使個人心理衛生越健康。無論男女，父母性別角色越開放，但家庭權力越少、家庭管教越民主，個人心理衛生狀況較健康。然而未婚者較已婚者傳統信仰強度強，且在性別角色及家庭管教上越傳統，家族概念較重視個人利益及在家庭事務的決定權上較少時，個人心理衛生狀況較健康。另外，研究者也嘗試分析宗教類別的不同觀察對個人心理衛生之影響，僅有佛道教及民間傳統信仰變項可為個人心理衛生預測變項，基督教、天主教及回教變項則無顯著。
本研究結論為：
宗教性傳統儀式性活動的參與與信仰強度，確實對個人的心理健康或心理調適具有直接顯著影響，且女性宗教活動參與頻率少及傳統信仰強度低的情況下，個人心理衛生狀況較健康，這部分與研究者的研究假設部分相符，關係為負相關。至於家庭態度部分，父母性別角色越開放，但家庭權力越少、家庭管教越民主，個人心理衛生狀況較健康，這部分與研究者的研究假設大部分相符，僅家庭權力關係為負相關。家庭態度對個人心理衛生的影響大於宗教性。最後針對本研究結果進行歸納，並對未來研究方向給予建議。
- 論文英文摘要
This study aims to analyze how religious and family attitude affect the mental health of Taiwanese people. The data makes use of the Taiwan Social Change Survey (the questionnaires of the family module of Taiwan Social Change Survey 1th issue of first report in the year of 1984).
After controlling personal background variables, regression analysis found that gender, activity participation frequency, traditional belief intensity, family concept, family power and family discipline can be used as predictors of personal mental health. Among them, family attitude variables can be the best explain Predict individual mental health status. Women participate in religious activities more frequently than men. Compared with men, women are less of confident in themselves, tend to have greater external influence than individual autonomy, and when confronted with interpersonal relationships and self-worth issues, they are more likely to have doubts than men. Men's self-control is weak, knowing even that they don't like it, but they are still easily out of control. Women's social expectations in role status are more than men's, and they will grow with age, the longer their education years, the less frequent participation in religious activities, the lower intensity of traditional beliefs, and the more independent family powers. Regardless of gender, the more open the parental gender role, the less family power, the more democratic of family discipline, which is healthier of the individual's mental health. However, the unmarried person has stronger traditional beliefs than the married person, which is more traditional of the gender role and family discipline. When the family concept pays more attention to personal interests and the decision-making power of family affairs is less, the personal mental health status is healthier. In addition, researchers have also attempted to analyze the effect of different observations of religious categories on individual mental health, it is found that only the Buddhist, Taoist and folk traditional beliefs can be used as individual mental health prediction variables. The Christian, Catholic and Muslim variables are not significant.
The conclusion of this study is that the participation of religious ritual activities and the intensity of faith, which does have a direct and significant impact on the individual's mental health or psychological adjustment, and the lower frequency of female religious activities and the lower intensity of traditional beliefs, the condition of personal mental health is healthier, this part is consistent with the hypothesis of researcher's research, and with the relevance is negatively correlated. As for the family attitude, the more open of the parental gender role, the less family power, the more democratic of family discipline, which is healthier of the individual's mental health. This part is mostly consistent with the hypothesis of researcher's research, and only with the family power relevance is negatively correlated. Family attitudes have a greater impact on personal mental health than religious ones. Finally, this study are summarized and the recommendations are given for future research directions.
