符號互動論(Symbolic interactionism)認為「自我」是符號互動下的產物，而「社會自我」使我們受到社會團體的控制，進而影響我們的行為。社會控制理論（Social control theory）則明確指出好的社會鍵(social bond)會產生控制的效果，是青少年拒絕偏差及犯罪行為的主要因素。本研究試著結合符號互動論（Symbolic interactionism）及社會控制理論（Social control theory）主張青少年外在環境因素(包括家庭親密關係、學校師生關係及同儕偏差行為)及內在因素(自我概念)為預測青少年偏差行為之重要因素。本研究主要目的為檢驗家庭親密關係及學校師生關係為自變項，自我概念及同儕偏差行為為中介變項之一偏差行為路徑模型。樣本為伊慶春教授所主持的「台灣青少年成長歷程研究」第一年(2000年)第一波，抽取臺北市16所、新北市15所及宜蘭縣9所國中三年級男性學生，共計1,428位。研究結果顯示，家庭親密關係及學校師生關係須透過自我概念及同儕偏差行為，間接影響青少年偏差；其中自我概念及同儕偏差行為對青少年之偏差行為占有重要之影響力，而此結果支持本研究所提出之假設。研究建議，預防青少年偏差行為之產生，家庭方面，首要需重視家庭的關係與氣氛，其次為重視與學校及社區的緊密連結；學校方面，則應重視學生人際互動關係的正確建立及聽見學生的聲音。
“Symbolic Interactionism” thinks
that self is the production of the interaction of symbols, and the social
self makes people be controlled by social groups and influence people’s
behavior. “Social control theory” indicates that good social bond is the
major factor that juveniles restrain deviant behaviors from occurring. The
research tries to combine symbolic interactionism and insufficient social
control to indicate that external environment (include family intimacy,
relationship between teachers and students, and deviant behaviors among
peers) and internal environment (self-concept) are the important factors
to predict juveniles’ deviant behaviors. The purpose of this research is
to test the path model of external environment (family intimacy and
relationship between teachers and students) and juveniles’ deviant
behaviors with self- concept and deviant behaviors among peers as the
intermediary variable. The sample is from Taiwan Youth Project 2000, the
first wave which is hosted by professor Chin-Chun Yi. It collected 1,428
boys of ninth grade from 16 junior high school from Taipei city, 15 from
New Taipei city, and 9 from Yilan county. The result shows that family
intimacy and relationship between teachers and students with self-concept
and deviant behaviors among peers as the intermediary variable will
indirectly influence juvenile’s deviant behaviors. Besides, self-concept
and deviant behaviors among peers play important part in juveniles’
deviant behaviors and this result meets the hypothesis of this research.
In conclusion, it is suggested that to prevent juveniles’ deviant
behaviors, family should first emphasize the relationship and atmosphere
in family. Then make close connection between school and neighborhood. And
schools should put more emphasis on establishing correct students’
interaction and listen to the advices of students.
