• 研究生：: 吾家珍
• 論文名稱：職業與教育對教養態度的影響：長期資料的分析
• 指導教授：蔡明璋
• 關鍵詞：職業、教育、教養態度、長期資料

• 本文主要研究在分析臺灣究竟影響父母管教方式的真正因素為何？是受到父母職業的影響？還是父母教育程度的影響？此外，過去的研究也缺乏跨期資料的比較，尤其臺灣社會經過長期的變遷，父母對於子女的教養態度是否與時俱進，或是仍存在著代間傳承的現象，都是本研究亟欲探討的主要動機。

本論文將以「台灣地區社會變遷基本調查統計資料」進行分析，總共5期包括一期一次（1984年），二期一次（1990年），三期一次（1995年），四期一次（2000年），五期一次（2005年）。 希望藉由這5個時期不同的調查問卷資料，來分析並探討臺灣在社會不斷變遷下，父母對子女教養態度是否也跟著改變。

因此，本研究目的為：

（一）探討父母的管教方式，是否正如Melvin Kohn所言仍受到父母職業的影響？

（二）試圖藉由台灣地區社會變遷基本調查統計資料，分析在各期間台灣社會的不斷轉型之下的父母親，對於子女的教養態度為何。

研究結果發現，根據Kohn的理論，與勞工階層相較，白領階層在管教子女時，較強調獨立、負責的價值；當子女做錯事時，較傾向採用屬於說理方式的內在控制來管教子女；當子女表現良好時，較傾向採用口頭稱讚的內在控制來獎勵子女；這都使得白領階層的子女較重視獨立、負責；勞工階層的子女較重視服從。

而父母對子女教養態度的因素，的確會因社會變遷而有所改變。可以從本研究的調查期間，發現臺灣在社會變遷之下，職業對於父母教養態度的影響，都沒有產生非常明顯的作用，而教育在長期以來的確會影響父母對子女的教養態度。因此，我們可以發現目前影響台灣社會父母教養態度的因素，教育才是最重要的。

• This study was to analyze which could be the true factor affecting parental discipline pattern in Taiwan -- parents’ occupation or their education background? Besides, past studies of this kind were lack of trans-phasic comparisons, especially when Taiwan’s society has been through long-term change, whether the parental discipline follows time trend or inherit tradition became motivation of this study.
• This study analyzed ‘Statistics for the Fundamental Investigation on Social Changes in Taiwan’ during 5 phases in 1984, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005 to see if this polled data could provide the answer that whether parental discipline pattern changed through elapsed phases. Therefore, this study aimed at:

(1) If parental discipline pattern is affected by parents’ occupation as indicated by Melvin Kohn’s theory, and

(2) If parental discipline pattern in Taiwan is affected by social change during these 5 phases.

Some of the results were in agreement with Kohn’s theory and showed that the white collar parents emphasized more on the valuation of independence and responsibility in their discipline than the blue collar (labor class) parents. When children had wrong conducts, the white collar parents tended to use internal control to reason with their children as a discipline. When children performed well, the parents use oral appraisal as an encouragement. This upbringing made the white collar children valued more on independence and responsibility and the blue collar children on obedience.

Social change did have significant effects on parents’ attitude towards their discipline on children. This could be evidenced by the analysis during the five-phase investigation that despite the occupational effects on parental discipline on children were not significant; the education in a long term base did affect parental discipline. Therefore, we conclude that education is of utmost importance in affecting parental discipline pattern in Taiwan.