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從宗教團體到軍事隊伍:太平天國研究
(碩專班:李曉菁) (指導教授:郭文般)

刊登日期:2008-01-31  
友善列印
  • 研究生:李曉菁
  • 論文名稱:從宗教團體到軍事隊伍:太平天國研究
  • 指導教授:郭文般
  • 關鍵字:太平天國 ; 拜上帝教 ; 宗教
  • [摘要]

    對於太平天國運動的研究,成果早已汗牛充棟;但對於從拜上帝教向軍事隊伍轉化此一關鍵點卻鮮有涉足。在起義初期,宗教扮演了十分重要的作用,是何種因素造成了拜上帝教團體由一個宗教組織轉為軍事隊伍,這種轉變又是在什麼力量的推動下最終完成的?這是本文所要探詢的重要問題。

    拜上帝教產生於中國封建社會即將落敗、西方資本主義大舉入侵的晚清時期,其產生和發展有著深刻的社會背景和社會原因。中央權威日漸衰落,地方勢力得到發展,尤其在廣西地區,地方政府的衰敗和團練勢力的興起,給拜上帝教的發展提供契機的同時,也隱藏著不可調和的矛盾對立。官場的腐敗和對民間盤剝的加重,導致了洪秀全、馮雲山的廣西傳教和廣西貧困底層群眾的廣泛參與。由於拜上帝教領袖集團的大力傳教和拜上帝教教義自身的特點,拜上帝教在廣西一地迅速發展壯大。由於客觀情勢的發展,清政府和當地團練勢力對拜上帝教的抵制日漸加深,終於導致拜上帝教組織最後的起事,且這場起事的背後,有著深刻的社會背景和深層次的心理機制因素。同時,拜上帝教內部也存在著矛盾對立,領袖集團內部的矛盾客觀存在,其理論教義也存在著異化傾向,這都為今後運動的發展埋下了失敗的伏筆。


  • [ 英文摘要 ]

    We have had enough researches on Taiping Heavenly Kingdom; there are, however, few papers exploring the key of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom transferring from a group worshipping God to an armed force. At beginning of the revolt, religions played an important role. What reasons caused Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to turn to an armed force from a religious group? Under what forces were these changes made? These are the issues to be discussed in this paper.

    God worshipping was born in the late Qing Dynasty where the feudal society of China was to collapse and western capitalism invaded. The birth and development have strong social background and reasons. Central authorities declined day by day and local powers increased, particularly in Guangxi Province. Decline of local government and rise of tuanlian offered opportunities to god worshipping. They also concealed the un-mixable confrontations. Corruptions in government sector and predation from the people led to wide participation of poor people in preaching of Hong Xiuchuan and Feng Yunshan in Guangxi. Thanks to the massive preaching and the characteristics of God worshipping, it quickly grew in Guangxi. Owing to objective situation development, Qing Dynasty government and local tuanglians started resisting God worshipping. The resistance finally caused revolt of God worshippers, which had strong social background and deep psychological mechanism factors. At the same time, contradiction and confrontation were also found within God worshippers. The doctrine also was deviated, which eventually led to the final failure.