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重思未知物種:與多物種結盟的案例分析
(研究生:柯韋丞)(指導教授:葉欣怡)

刊登日期:2025-09-11  
友善列印
當代人類世的危機,儼然導致了一種「社會—政治—生態」的多重問題,尤其是關於不平等的加劇。而社會學作為一門探究不平等議題的學科,早已把探討對象延伸到非人類的行動者當中,並且在特定的物質基礎上找尋到解決方案。換言之,去人類中心化的思考,揭露了不同非人行動者的主體性與能動力,。儘管本研究相當同意過往學者提出過往學者所提出的方案,然而本研究所要嘗試的是,增加對於新案例的檢視,複雜化多物種結盟政治的命題。具體來說,本研究所要嘗試的,是要將視野從已知物種轉向未知物種。本研究認為,揭露未知物種的主體性與能動力,能夠為多物種結盟政治增添新的可能,尤其是開闢出行動與策略的無限可能性、挖掘民主實踐的新原則與方針,以及整體知識體系的解殖。為了深化多物種結盟政治的理論意涵,本研究運用「新物質主義」的觀點作為分析框架,並且使用文本分析的方法,重新理論化未知他者。以下是本研究的主要貢獻:

1. 由於現今文本多探討「已知物種」,並未探討「未知物種」,因此本研究提議,將此一問題放到蓋婭理論與多物種女性主義的討論裡頭,重拾那些斷裂的社會關係與生態勾連,藉以呈現出未知物種的主體性與能動力。更重要的是,與未知物種保持著連結與差異,將其納入政治議程裡頭,能夠重新思考一個「與未知物種的多物種結盟政治」。
2. 新物質主義強調了「多重的視角」,然而這並不代表,單一/特定物種的觀點不重要,尤其這很容易錯失許多關鍵機制。因此,本研究嘗試把賽伯格與關鍵物種的概念結合起來,並認為這樣的關鍵角色,能夠為民主實踐帶來新的行動方針與策略。
3. 除了行動、實踐與策略之外,知識體系也必須重新審視。本研究認為,一個「可活的行星世界」不只得仰賴行動層面的作用,也得仰賴整個知識體系的解殖。換言之,本研究提議的是一種「一個解殖的社會學與女性主義」,其避免歐洲中心主義或人類中心主義的霸權觀點,並期許學科的研究能夠重視其他物種,尤其是未知物種。

透過以上的論述,本研究相信,一個「解殖的社會學想像」,不僅有助於挑戰傳統的西方中心主義觀點,也推動了多元文化和知識體系的重現:重點不是,它給了我們虛構的烏托邦幻想,而是讓我們可以推測、預判、猜測、假設或揮發創意,探索出行動與策略的無限可能性,並讓我們更關注和探討這些基層社群的實踐和策略,也為他們的行動提供理論上的意義。


論文外文摘要: Obviously, the crisis of the Anthropocene has led to "socio-political-ecological" multifaceted problems, particularly concerning the exacerbation of inequality. Sociology, as a discipline that explores issues of inequality, has long extended its scope to include non-human actors and has sought solutions on specific material grounds. In other words, decentering the anthropocentrism has revealed the subjectivity and agency of various non-human actors. While this study largely agrees with the solutions proposed by previous scholars, it attempts to increase the scrutiny of new cases, thereby complicating the proposition of multispecies alliance politics. Specifically, this study aims to shift the focus from known species to unknown species. The study argues that revealing the subjectivity and agency of unknown species can add new possibilities to multispecies alliance politics, particularly by opening up infinite possibilities for actions and strategies, uncovering new principles and guidelines for democratic practices, and decolonizing the knowledge system. To deepen the theoretical implications of multispecies alliance politics, this study uses the perspective of "new materialism" as its analytical framework and employs textual analysis to re-theorize the unknown other. The following are the main contributions of this study:

1. Since existing research often explores "known species," not "unknown species," this study proposes placing this issue within the discussions of Gaia theory and multispecies feminism, thereby reclaiming the fractured social relations and ecological connections to present the subjectivity and agency of unknown species. More importantly, maintaining both connection and difference with unknown species and incorporating them into the political agenda allows for the rethinking of a "multispecies alliance politics with unknown species."
2. New materialism emphasizes "multiple perspectives," but this does not mean that the views of single or specific species are unimportant, especially since this could easily overlook many critical mechanisms. Therefore, this study attempts to combine the concepts of cyborgs and keystone species, arguing that such key roles can bring new guidelines and strategies to democratic practices.
3. Beyond actions, practices, and strategies, the knowledge system must also be re-examined. This study posits that a "livable planetary world" relies not only on the effectiveness of actions but also on the decoloniality of the knowledge system. In other words, the study proposes a "decolonized sociology and feminism" that avoids Eurocentrism or anthropocentric hegemonic views and aspires to research that values other species, especially unknown species.

Through the above discussion, this study believes that a "decolonized sociological imagination" not only helps challenge traditional Western-centric perspectives but also promotes the reemergence of multiculturalism and knowledge systems: the key is not that it gives us fictitious utopian fantasies, but that it allows us to speculate, anticipate, guess, hypothesize, or unleash creativity, exploring infinite possibilities for actions and strategies, while paying greater attention to and discussing the practices and strategies of grassroots communities, providing theoretical significance to their actions.