校園一隅

三鶯研究

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轉型正義的傾斜:失語現象的移轉與被消失的失語者
(研究生:施又熙)(指導教授:葉欣怡)

刊登日期:2023-09-07  
友善列印
本文關注後威權時代失語現象由受難者及其後代移轉至執行者後代的現象,試圖爬梳失語現象移轉與失語者集體消失所產生對臺灣的後續影響,以及這樣的影響是否對造成轉型正義的傾斜?本研究以對執行者後代的深度訪談做為主要研究資料,文本資料與參與觀察為輔,並以記憶研究、覺醒論述、轉型正義論點為理論概念探究失語現象形成的脈絡與因素。

第四章到第六章以實證資料詳述分析執行者後代失語現象的多元呈現,失語現象並非僅是其字義上或病症式的詮釋,而是飽含了各種被忽略的失語條件。並且進一步指出失語現象背後所隱含的,執行者後代在跨出原有社群疆域後所產生的覺醒衝擊,與原有社群間的衝突乃至於情感與記憶的斷裂,以及難能被社會或其他社群所接納而導致的失語與在人群中隱身的舉措。最後則說明執行者後代覺醒後,反身追問家族過程中看見的斷裂的記憶與無法成篇的歷史構築現實,並從中看見臺灣長期以來的族群議題與轉型正義工程推進之難處。

本文的第七章則以記憶研究、覺醒論述與轉型正義論點來進行理論層次的分析,這是記憶研究首次被運用在執行者後代的論述上,從中我們得以發現記憶策略難以使用在執行者後代的社會類型中,無法成功形成一個新的我群概念,成為不存在於討論視野中的缺席者。此外,也在該章節中扣問DeGloma的覺醒論述對於臺灣轉型正義工程中執行者後代的適用性,並提出新觀點。

最後在結論中總結出失語現象的產生與失語者集體消失對臺灣產生的影響,包含有歷史真相的不完整、族群議題加劇、同一歷史(one history)的不可得與轉型正義的傾斜,並且進一步概念化「轉型正義的傾斜」。同時也提出在本研究中的限制與未來可繼續研究的方向。

關鍵字:轉型正義、後威權、失語現象、執行者後代、集體記憶、覺醒論述


This research focuses on transferring aphasia from victims and their descendants to the descendants of the executors in the post-authoritarian era. It sorts out the subsequent effects of transferring aphasia and the collectively erased aphasiacs. Moreover, how such an effect contributes to the asymmetrical development of transitional justice is investigated. This study employs in-depth interviews with the descendants of executors as the primary research data, supplemented by textual data and long-term participant observation. Furthermore, it adopts memory studies, awakening narrative, and transitional justice arguments as theoretical concepts to explore the context and factors of the formation of aphasia.

Chapters 4 to 6 use in-depth interview data to analyze the multiple manifestations of aphasia in the descendants of the executors. Aphasia is not just a literal or pathological interpretation but a variety of neglected aphasia conditions. I went further to point out the hidden behind the phenomenon of aphasia, the awakening impact produced by the descendants of the executors after they step over the boundaries of the original community. The rupture of emotion and memory is caused by the conflict between them and the original community. Aphasia and invisibility in crowds due to their difficulty being accepted by society or other communities. Finally, it shows that after the awakening of the descendants of the executor, they found broken memories and a history that could not be constructed in the process of questioning the family. From this, I discover the long-standing ethnic issues in Taiwan and the difficulties in advancing transitional justice work.

The seventh chapter of this thesis analyzes the theoretical level with memory studies, awakening narrative, and transformational justice arguments. It is the first time that memory studies have been applied to the discussion of the descendants of the executors. I claim that memory strategies are challenging to use in social types of the descendants of the executors—the inability to form a new community, causing them to disappear from the discussion. In addition, I also reconsider the applicability of DeGloma's awakening narrative concept to the descendants of the executors in Taiwan's transformational justice work and refine its details.

The conclusion summarizes the impact of the emergence of aphasia and the collective erased of aphasia in Taiwan, including the incompleteness of historical truth, the intensification of ethnic issues, the unavailability of the "one history," and the asymmetrical development of transitional justice. It further conceptualizes " the asymmetrical development of transitional justice. " At the same time, the limitations of this study and the direction of future research are also discussed.

Keywords: transitional justice, post-authoritarianism, aphasia, the descendants of the executors, collective memory, awakening narrative